About 2.3 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2024 were caused by infections, accounting for 12% of all new cancer cases, a new study published in The Lancet Oncology has revealed.
The study titled “Global Burden of Cancer Attributable to Infections in 2024: A Worldwide Incidence Analysis” was led by researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) using data from the Global Cancer Observatory’s GLOBOCAN 2024 database.
The researchers assessed cancers linked to 12 infectious agents classified as Group 1 carcinogens by the IARC.
According to the findings, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was responsible for the highest number of infection-attributable cancers with about 760,000 cases.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) followed closely with 750,000 cases, while Hepatitis B virus (HBV) accounted for 360,000 cases.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) caused about 260,000 cases and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was linked to 160,000 cases. The five infections made up the majority of all infection-related cancers.
The researchers said the results highlight the critical role of infection prevention and control in cancer prevention.
They listed effective interventions including HPV and HBV vaccination, testing and treatment for HIV, H. pylori, HBV and HCV, safe injection practices, condom use, and pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV.
Screening for precancerous lesions linked to HPV-driven cervical and anal cancers was also recommended.
Regionally, Eastern Asia recorded the largest burden with about 990,000 infection-attributable cases, representing 42% of the global total.
However, sub-Saharan Africa had the highest age-standardised incidence rate at 28.5 cases per 100,000 people, above the global average of 22.7. Central and Eastern Europe recorded 24.3 per 100,000, while South-Eastern Asia recorded 23.1 per 100,000.
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